On a recent walk in Madrid, I was gobsmacked by a poster agitating for a “stop” to the alleged “Islamicization” of Spain. The poster made me wonder: had whoever plastered the poster up been in Spain in the past, más o menos , 600 years? If so, they would surely have noticed that native-born Spaniards continue to drive the nation’s government in a prosperous, progressive, European Union-affirmative society. Moreover, greater Colombian or Korean or British influence is evident

Spain endured one of Europe’s most grim 20th centuries, from a brutal Civil War (1936-1939) to nearly four decades of authoritarian rule under General Francisco Franco. Franco established a centralized regime that led to massive social, political, and economic changes across Spain. The Franco regime dismantled regional autonomy, suppressed political opposition, and enforced strict gender roles in the name of national unity. Following his death in 1975, Spain’s transition to d

Propaganda has become an inescapable feature of the modern media landscape, occupying an increasingly significant portion of public communications and posing a serious threat to the freedom of access to information. According to Britannica, propaganda is the dissemination of information—facts, arguments, rumours, half-truths, or lies—to influence public opinion. With the development of the internet, propaganda can be found everywhere and in any country. That said, the questio