A Western Agenda, or a Global One?  Because liberal feminism is often seen as rooted in Western political traditions, its introduction elsewhere is frequently met with accusations of cultural colonialism by local communities. Accordingly, when United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325  was adopted in 2000—framing women’s participation in peace building and peacekeeping as a universal priority—it was met with significant skepticism.    However, the case of Indone

“Genocide anywhere implicates everyone.” — Alison Des Forges  Darfur is and has been on fire.  Villages in Western Sudan have been deliberately targeted by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) since 2023. Women and children have been brutally raped and killed, entire communities have been forced to flee across borders and seek asylum, and over 75,000 Sudanese people have been savagely executed. The United Nations and many other International organizations have been warned; the seve

Spain endured one of Europe’s most grim 20th centuries, from a brutal Civil War (1936-1939) to nearly four decades of authoritarian rule under General Francisco Franco. Franco established a centralized regime that led to massive social, political, and economic changes across Spain. The Franco regime dismantled regional autonomy, suppressed political opposition, and enforced strict gender roles in the name of national unity. Following his death in 1975, Spain’s transition to d